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The following articles cite:
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Cepeda, N. J., Pashler, H., Vul, E., Wixted, J. T., & Rohrer, D.
(2006). Distributed practice in verbal recall tasks: A review
and quantitative synthesis. Psychological Bulletin, 132, 354-380.
[490k pdf]
- Abstract
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A meta-analysis of the distributed practice effect was performed to illuminate the effects
of temporal variables that have been neglected in previous reviews. This review found 839
assessments of distributed practice in 317 experiments located in 184 articles. Effects of
spacing (consecutive massed presentations vs. spaced learning episodes) and lag (less
spaced vs. more spaced learning episodes) were examined, as were expanding inter-study
interval effects. Analyses suggest that inter-study interval (ISI) and retention interval
operate jointly to affect final test retention; specifically, the ISI producing maximal
retention increased as retention interval increased. Areas needing future research and
theoretical implications are discussed.
- 2008 (cited by 2)
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Cepeda, N. J., Vul, E., Rohrer, D., Wixted, J. T., & Pashler, H.
(in press). Spacing effects in learning: A temporal ridgeline of optimal
retention. Psychological Science.
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Kornell, N., & Bjork, R. A. (in press). Optimizing self-regulated study:
The benefits-and costs-of dropping flashcards. Memory.
- 2007 (cited by 13)
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Butler, A. C., & Roediger, H. L. (2007). Testing improves long-term
retention in a simulated classroom setting. European Journal of Cognitive
Psychology, 19, 514-527.
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Karpicke, J. D., & Roediger, H. L. (2007). Expanding retrieval
practice promotes short-term retention, but equally spaced retrieval
enhances long-term retention. Journal of Experimental Psychology:
Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 33, 704-719.
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Karpicke, J. D., & Roediger, H. L. (2007). Repeated retrieval
during learining is the key to long-term retention. Journal of
Memory and Language, 57, 151-162.
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Kornell, N., & Bjork, R. A. (2007). The promise and perils of self-regulated
study. Psychonomic Bulletin and Review, 14, 219-224.
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Metcalfe, J., & Kornell, N. (2007). Principles of cognitive science
in education: The effects of generation, errors, and feedback.
Psychonomic Bulletin and Review, 14, 225-229.
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Metcalfe, J., Kornell, N., & Son, L. K. (2007). A cognitive-science
based programme to enhance study efficacy in a high and low risk setting.
European Journal of Cognitive Psychology, 19, 743-768.
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Pashler, H., Bain, P. M., Bottge, B. A., Graesser, A., Koedinger, K.,
McDaniel, M. A., & Metcalfe, J. (2007). Organizing instruction
and study to improve student learning: IES practice guide (NCER
2007-2004). Washington, DC: National Center for Education Research,
Institute of Education Sciences, U. S. Department of Education.
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Pashler, H., Rohrer, D., Cepeda, N. J., & Carpenter, S. K. (2007).
Enhancing learning and retarding forgetting: Choices and consequences.
Psychonomic Bulletin and Review, 14, 187-193.
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Rohrer, D., & Pashler, H. (2007). Increasing retention without
increasing study time. Current Directions in Psychological Science,
16, 183-186.
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Rohrer, D., & Taylor, K. (2007). The shuffling of mathematics
problems improves learning. Instructional Science, 35, 481-498.
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Smith, T. A. (2007). Spacing and the delay-retention effect: An
alternative explanation of the effects of feedback timing on
semantic learning (Masters Thesis, University of Texas at
Arlington).
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Soderlund, G. B. W. (2007). Noise improves cognitive performance in
children with dysfunctional dopaminergic neurotransmission (Doctoral
Dissertation, Stockholm University).
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Takashima, A., Nieuwenhuis, I. L. C., Rijpkema, M., Petersson, K. M.,
Jensen, O., & Fernandez, G. (2007). Memory trace stabilization
leads to large-scale changes in the retrieval network: A functional
MRI study on associative memory. Learning and Memory, 14, 472-479.
- 2006 (cited by 3)
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Balota, D. A., Duchek, J. M., Sergent-Marshall, S. D., & Roediger, H. L.
(2006). Does expanded retrieval produce benefits over equal-spacing?
explorations of spacing effects in healthy aging and early stage
Alzheimer's disease. Psychology and Aging, 21, 19-31.
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Pashler, H., Rohrer, D., & Cepeda, N. J. (2006). Temporal spacing and
learning. Observer, 19, 19.
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Roediger, H. L., & Karpicke, J. D. (2006). The power of testing
memory: Basic research and implications for educational practice.
Perspectives on Psychological Science, 1, 181-210.
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